What is witr and how do I pray it?
Witr was so beloved to the Prophet ﷺ that he said the believer should not sleep without it. Its method, its timing, and the supplication of qunūt as the classical jurists laid them out.
10 passages from 4 books in the library
Witr was so beloved to the Prophet ﷺ that the scholars relate the believer should not sleep without it. The passages cite ʿĀʾisha's report of praying witr with five rakʿahs, and the counsel that one who does not habitually wake for the night prayer should perform witr before sleeping. Witr is listed among the cherished voluntary prayers alongside the post-prayer sunnahs, Ḍuḥā, and the night vigil. ʿĀʾisha also related that when the Prophet missed his night prayer through sleep or illness, he would make it up by praying twelve rakʿahs in the day.
Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.
The classical approach.
These passages are drawn from 4 books by Imam al-Ghazali — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
· Provenance →
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"If he intends Tahajjud or the Sunnah of Isha with them, it would not be part of the Witr. If he intends Witr, it would not be odd in itself; Witr is what follows. The apparent view is to intend Witr, just as intending Witr for three continuous rak'ahs. Witr has two meanings: to be odd in itself or to combine to make odd with what follows, making the total three rak'ahs Witr, with the two rak'ahs part of the three, but its oddness depends on the third rak'ah."
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"Ibn Umar delayed it until two stars appeared, freeing two slaves. Fifthly, the established Sunnah for the night prayer is four Rak'ahs after the obligatory prayer. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said: "The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, used to pray four after the night prayer, then sleep. Some scholars, considering the collection of narrations, chose that the number of established Sunnah prayers is seventeen, matching the obligatory prayers: two before Fajr, four before Dhuhr, two after it, four before 'Asr, two after Maghrib, and three after the night prayer, including Witr."
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"The hadith of Witr with five from the hadith of Aisha mentions performing Witr with five, sitting only in the last rak'ah. The hadith regarding the Witr prayer of seven rak'ahs is recorded by Muslim, Abu Dawud, and al-Nasa’i. The version from Aisha describes that when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, grew older and weaker, he performed Witr by praying seven rak'ahs without sitting except in the sixth, then he would rise and not give salutation, and then pray the seventh."
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"Regarding its timing, it is narrated by Ali, may Allah be pleased with him... The hadith of Witr with one rak'ah is agreed upon from the hadith of Ibn Umar and is recorded by Muslim from the hadith of Aisha. The hadith of Witr with three has been mentioned previously. The hadith of Witr with five from the hadith of Aisha mentions performing Witr with five, sitting only in the last rak'ah."
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
· Provenance →
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"and if you fear the dawn, then pray one rak'ah as witr. He also said, "The Maghrib prayer is the witr prayer of the day, so perform witr for the night prayer. The most that has been authentically reported about the night prayer of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was thirteen rak'ahs. He would recite during these rak'ahs from his regular portion of the Quran or from specific surahs, whatever was easy for him, and this portion was approximately during the last sixth of the night."
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"She said, "Sometimes he recited aloud and sometimes quietly. This was reported by Abu Dawood, al-Nasa'i, and Ibn Majah with a sahih chain. The hadith about the night prayer being two by two, and if one fears the dawn, to perform one rak'ah as witr, is agreed upon and mentioned before. The hadith about Maghrib being the witr prayer of the day, so make witr for the night prayer, was reported by Ahmad from Ibn Umar with a sahih chain."
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"Aisha mentioned that the Prophet performed the Witr at different times of the night, and his Witr continued until the time of suhur. Ali described three ways to perform Witr: at the beginning of the night, with one rak'ah, or delaying it to be the last prayer. However, undoing the Witr has been explicitly prohibited, as the Prophet said, "No two Witr in one night.""
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"However, if one regularly performs night prayers, delaying the Witr is better. The Prophet said, "The night prayer is two by two rak'ahs, and if you fear the coming of dawn, then perform the Witr with one rak'ah. Aisha mentioned that the Prophet performed the Witr at different times of the night, and his Witr continued until the time of suhur."
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
· Provenance →
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"He replied, 'Had it not been for our appointment, I would not tell you what detained me. After praying the night prayer, I decided to perform Witr before coming to you, fearing death might prevent me. While praying in Witr, I was shown a lush garden from Paradise, filled with various flowers. I continued to gaze at it until morning.'" These revelations only occur after renouncing the self and not turning toward it or its desires."
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"Khalid al-Juhani describing the prayer of the Prophet, peace be upon him. He observed that the Prophet prayed two light units, followed by two long units, then progressively shorter units, concluding with the Witr, making a total of 13 units. Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, shared that the Prophet, peace be upon him, would not exceed 11 units in prayer during Ramadan or otherwise. He would pray four units, noted for their beauty and length, followed by another four, and then three. When Aisha asked if he slept before the Witr, he replied, oh Aisha, my eyes sleep, but my heart does not sleep. Another narration from Aisha"
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