How should a Muslim earn a living?
Al-Ghazali wrote a full book on the etiquette of earning — who to deal with, what to avoid, and how to keep the hand that takes from becoming the hand that deceives.
10 passages from 7 books in the library
Al-Ghazali devoted a full book of the Iḥyāʾ to the etiquette of earning, holding that lawful work is preferable and that even those occupied with religious duties should still earn rather than depend on others. He cites the report that 'if the inhabitants of Paradise were to trade, they would trade in cloth,' honoring honest commerce as the way of many of the pious predecessors. Yet he warns that earning must not become an idol: the harder struggle, he notes, is overcoming the craving for fame and status, and one must keep the giving hand from becoming the deceiving one.
Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.
The classical approach.
These passages are drawn from 7 books by Imam al-Ghazali and Ibn Kathir — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
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"It is narrated, "The best of your trades is cloth, and the best of your crafts is shoemaking." In another hadith, it is said, "If the inhabitants of paradise were to trade, they would trade in cloth, and if the inhabitants of hell were to trade, they would trade in currency exchange." Many of the pious predecessors engaged in various crafts such as shoemaking, trade, carrying, tailoring, cobbling, fulling, manufacturing sandals, blacksmithing, spinning, hunting, and scribing."
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"Here we present the etiquette of trades, crafts, and various means of earning, with their traditions, explained in five chapters. Chapter One: The Merit of Earning and Encouragement towards it Chapter Two: On the Knowledge of Correct Buying, Selling, and Transactions Chapter Three: On the Explanation of Justice in Dealings Chapter Four: On the Explanation of Benevolence in Them Chapter Five: On the Trader's Compassion for Himself and His Religion Chapter One: The Merit of Earning and Encouragement Towards It From the Quran, Allah says, "And made the day for livelihood," highlighting it as a favor."
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"and it is mentioned in Al-Firdaws from the hadith of Ali ibn Abi Talib. The hadith stating, "If the inhabitants of Paradise were to trade, they would trade in textiles; and if the inhabitants of Hell were to trade, they would trade in currency exchange," is narrated by Abu Mansoor al-Daylami in 'Musnad al-Firdous' from the hadith of Abu Saeed with a weak chain."
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
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"to his wife's mouth. One noted to a scholar that he had a share in every type of work Allah granted him, mentioning pilgrimage, jihad, and others. The scholar asked, What about the work of the body? He replied, What is that? The scholar said, Earning lawful income and spending for one's family. Ibn al-Mubarak once asked his brethren while they were on a military expedition, Do you know of any work better than what we are doing?"
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
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"However, Duha is not obligatory because it is a time when people are often busy with their affairs, so this task is lightened. During this time, there are four main tasks, with two additional matters. One is engaging in earning and managing one's livelihood, such as attending the market. If one is a trader, they should trade with honesty and trust. If a craftsman, they should work with advice and compassion."
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"Fourth, a professional who needs to earn a living for his family should not neglect them by devoting all his time to worship. Instead, during work hours, he should focus on his trade and earning, while remembering Allah through praises, remembrances, and Quran recitation. Only prayer may not be possible during work unless his job allows it, in which case he should not neglect it."
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
· Provenance →
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"This is because the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said to one of his companions: «Work for your worldly life according to your stay in it, and work for your Hereafter according to your permanence in it, and work for Allah according to your need for Him, and work for the Fire according to your patience upon it.» If you act upon this hadith, you have no need for much knowledge."
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
· Provenance →
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"as per the label of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, where he said, The clever one who accuses his soul and does work for after death, and the foolish is he who follows his desires and hopes from Allah, wishes. Know too that your statement is as if one wants to be a scholar of religious sciences without studying, busying himself with idleness, saying, Allah is generous and merciful and able to inspire my heart with sciences as he inspired the hearts of his prophets and saints without study or repetition. Or like someone who wants wealth but forsakes farming, trade, earning, idling, saying, Allah is generous and merciful, and his are the treasures of the"
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"The Prophet, God's peace and blessings be upon him and his family and companions, said: "Earning is my Sunnah, and reliance is my state," or as he said. Some people may think that reliance contradicts earning and taking means, and that if matters are predestined, there is no need for means! This - So be between his Sunnah and his state, peace and blessings be upon him, if your faith is weak, then earning, which is his Sunnah, and if your faith is strong, then his state, which is reliance. God Almighty said: "And upon God rely, if you should be believers." Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:23 And God Almighty said: "And whoever relies upon God - then He is sufficient for him.""
14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
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"my Lord. Sell me. So he brought him to the market and sold him for 400 dirhams. The buyer kept him for some time without putting him to work. Then al-Khidr said to him, indeed, you only bought me seeking good. Advise me to work. The buyer said, I do not wish to trouble you. You are an old, weak man. Al-Khidr replied, you will not trouble me. So he said, move these stones. It was a task that six men would not complete in a day. The man went about some of his business and returned to find al-Khidr had moved the stones in an hour. The man said, you have done well and exceeded expectations. You accomplished what I did not expect you to. Then the"
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