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Who are the four imams of Sunni Islam?

Abū Ḥanīfah in Kufa, Mālik in Madinah, al-Shāfiʿī who travelled across both, and Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal in Baghdad. The four mujtahids whose methodologies became the four Sunni schools of fiqh.

7 passages from 4 books in the library

Where the answer comes from

The classical approach.

These passages are drawn from 4 books by Imam al-Ghazali and Ibn Battuta — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.

Read them closely. If a passage doesn't sit right, open the full book in the library and listen to the chapter around it. Context in the classical tradition is everything.

Cover of Book 1: The Book of Knowledge
Book 1: The Book of Knowledge
Imam al-Ghazali · Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din

11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali → · Provenance →

  1. "Ibn Abd al-Hakam recounted an incident with Malik where Malik emphasized the importance of seeking knowledge over other acts"

  2. "This hadith was narrated by Ahmad from Muad and in the authentic collections from Sahal Ibn Saad that he said this to Ali"

Cover of Volume One: From Tangier to the Lands of the East
Volume One: From Tangier to the Lands of the East
Ibn Battuta · Rihla — The Travels of Ibn Battuta

14th century · Tangier, Morocco
The Riḥlah — a 30-year, 75,000-mile journey across three continents, and the most important travel account of the pre-modern world.
More on Ibn Battuta → · Provenance →

  1. "He established justice and arranged the armies in Malik, leaving his minister Qutub al-Zahra there, before returning to Samarkand and Bukhara."

  2. "They sustained heavy losses and Khalil stayed in Malik for three days, then went on to root out the remaining Tatars, who submitted to him."

  3. "Consequently, Khalil dispatched a governor to replace him in Malik and ordered him to come forward with a small company of his allies."

Cover of Book 40: The Book of the Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife
Book 40: The Book of the Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife
Imam al-Ghazali · Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din

11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali → · Provenance →

  1. "When Abd al-malik Ibn Marwan lay dying he observed a washerman beside Damascus twisting a cloth and striking it against the washing board"

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