ʿAdāwa
Definition
Adawa — enmity — is the outward manifestation of hiqd: the active hostility that festering resentment eventually produces when it can no longer remain merely internal. Al-Ghazali traces the progression: an injury produces anger; anger not released produces hiqd; hiqd not addressed produces adawa; adawa produces specific sinful actions — backbiting the enemy, plotting against them, rejoicing at their misfortune, and grieving at their good fortune. He presents this progression as a clinical description of how a single unaddressed grievance can metastasise into a comprehensive spiritual disease that destroys the person harbouring it.
As understood in the classical tradition of Imam al-Ghazali and the scholars of his school.
Appears in
1 book in the library
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