Ḥalāl wa Ḥarām
الحلال والحرامDefinition
Permitted and prohibited — the two clear categories with a grey zone of doubtful matters (shubuhāt) in between. The hadith of al-Nu'man ibn Bashir in the Arba'in teaches: 'The halal is clear and the haram is clear, and between them are doubtful matters that most people do not know.' Al-Nawawi selected this hadith as a principle because it establishes the entire ethical framework of the religion: most of life is clearly halal, a defined set of things is clearly haram, and the practice of wara' — scrupulous piety — governs the zone between them. Whoever guards the doubtful protects their religion and honour; whoever falls into doubtful matters may eventually fall into the clearly prohibited.
As understood in the classical tradition of Imam al-Nawawī and the scholars of his school.
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