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Glossary Entry

Ḥarām

Definition

Haram refers to what is explicitly forbidden by divine command — things whose prohibition is established by clear Quranic verse or authentic prophetic hadith. Al-Ghazali insists on absolute clarity about the haram: it must be avoided without exception, regardless of convenience, social pressure, or financial opportunity. He is also careful to note that the haram is relatively narrow — the broad middle ground of the shubha (doubtful) is much more extensive, and it is in this middle ground that the quality of a Muslim's wara' is most clearly demonstrated.

As understood in the classical tradition of Imam al-Ghazali and the scholars of his school.

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