Istinjāʾ
Istinja is the purification of the private areas after using the toilet — performed with water or, where water is unavailable, with a certain number of dry stones or tissues. Al-Ghazali devotes attention to its etiquette not because it is complicated but because it illustrates how Islamic teaching sanctifies every moment of daily life. Even the most private and least glorified bodily function has its protocol, its etiquette, and its supplication — transforming what might seem mundane into another opportunity for consciousness of Allah and another link in the chain of continuous purification.
As understood in the classical tradition of Imam al-Ghazali and the scholars of his school.
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