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Vicegerent or successor — the role Allah designated for Adam and his descendants on earth. This term signifies that humanity was created with a sacred trust: to represent divine will, uphold justice, and steward the earth according to Allah's guidance.
As understood in the classical tradition of Ibn Kathir and the scholars of his school.
Every book above uses Khalifah the way the classical scholars meant it. Listen with the full Study Kit in the app.
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