Tafaqquh
Tafaqquh literally means to develop profound understanding, especially in Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh). Al-Ghazali distinguishes between the scholar who masters the details of legal rulings purely for courtroom debate and social prestige, and the scholar whose tafaqquh serves the higher purpose of knowing how to please Allah in every situation. He is critical of the dominant scholarly culture of his era, which had reduced tafaqquh to an instrument of political ambition, and he calls for a return to the spirit of the early generations who learned fiqh in order to act, not to argue.
As understood in the classical tradition of Imam al-Ghazali and the scholars of his school.
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