ʿUjb

Ujb is the excessive admiration of oneself — being impressed by one's own qualities, achievements, and virtues in a way that inflates the ego without necessarily involving comparison to others. Al-Ghazali distinguishes ujb from kibr: kibr looks down at others, while ujb primarily looks at and is dazzled by itself. Both are diseases, but ujb is in some ways the more foundational one: the person who is excessively impressed by themselves has already begun the psychological movement that kibr completes by adding the comparative element. Ujb about one's religious achievements — one's scholarship, one's piety, one's worship — is particularly dangerous because it corrupts the very acts it is impressed by.

As understood in the classical tradition of Imam al-Ghazali and the scholars of his school.