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Glossary Entry

Ustādh al-Rūḥānī

Definition

The spiritual teacher is one of the most important elements in al-Ghazali's programme of soul-discipline — a guide who has already completed or is advanced in the journey the student is undertaking, who can see the student's blind spots that the student cannot see about themselves, and who can prescribe specific disciplines calibrated to each student's particular spiritual diseases. Al-Ghazali argues that attempting riyadha without a qualified spiritual guide is as dangerous as attempting complex medical treatment without a physician: the person may misdiagnose their own condition, choose the wrong treatment, and make their situation worse rather than better.

As understood in the classical tradition of Imam al-Ghazali and the scholars of his school.

Appears in

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