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Knowledge

What did al-Nawawi say about seeking knowledge?

Al-Nawawi wrote on the etiquette of the student and the teacher in both the Riyāḍ and his Muqaddimah. His standards — humility, purification, patience with ignorance — are exacting.

10 passages from 8 books in the library

On seeking knowledge, the cited passages — from al-Ghazali's Ihya and Ibn Kathir's account of Musa — frame all human learning against the infinity of God's: "His knowledge is infinite, while the knowledge of creation is finite." The "highest knowledge," al-Ghazali writes, "is the knowledge of divine unveiling." Knowledge is meant to be lived — one is praised when "he acts upon his knowledge" — and it is "of two kinds." The story of al-Khidr and Musa is invoked: "My knowledge and your knowledge, compared to Allah's knowledge," are as nothing, teaching the seeker humility.

Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.

Where the answer comes from

The classical approach.

These passages are drawn from 8 books by Ibn Kathir, Ibn al-Qayyim, Imam al-Nawawī, and Imam al-Ghazali — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.

Read them closely. If a passage doesn't sit right, open the full book in the library and listen to the chapter around it. Context in the classical tradition is everything.

Cover of Al-ʿAqīda al-Ṭaḥāwiyya
Al-ʿAqīda al-Ṭaḥāwiyya
Abū Jaʿfar al-Ṭaḥāwī · Timeless Classics
  1. "This, altogether, is what is needed by one whose heart is illumined among the allies of Allah, Most High, and it is the station of those firmly rooted in knowledge. For knowledge is of two kinds: knowledge that exists in creation, and knowledge that is absent from creation. Denying the knowledge that exists is disbelief, and claiming the knowledge that is absent is disbelief. And faith is not established except by accepting the knowledge that exists and abandoning the pursuit of the knowledge that is absent."

Cover of Volume 2 — From the Israelite Prophets to Pre-Islamic Arabia
Volume 2 — From the Israelite Prophets to Pre-Islamic Arabia
Ibn Kathir · Al-Bidāya wal-Nihāya

14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir → · Provenance →

  1. "encouraged his followers to seek knowledge, regardless of their circumstances, stating, Seek knowledge from the cradle to the grave. This teaching emphasizes that the quest for knowledge is a lifelong endeavor, and one should never cease to learn and grow in understanding. Chapter The Benefits of Knowledge The benefits of knowledge are manifold. It leads to a deeper understanding of one's faith, enhances one's ability to worship Allah correctly, and fosters a sense of responsibility towards oneself and others. Knowledge also cultivates humility, as one realizes the vastness of what remains to be learned. Knowledge empowers individuals to contribute positively"

Cover of Volume One
Volume One
Ibn al-Qayyim · Madārij al-Sālikīn

14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim → · Provenance →

  1. "Chapter: The Ranks of "You Alone We Worship" in Knowledge and Action The concept of servitude has various ranks, determined by knowledge and action. In terms of knowledge, there are two ranks: The first is knowledge of اللّٰه, and the second is knowledge of His religion. Knowledge of اللّٰه encompasses five aspects: knowledge of His essence, His attributes, His actions, His names, and His transcendence above what does not befit Him."

Cover of Volume Three
Volume Three
Ibn al-Qayyim · Madārij al-Sālikīn

14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim → · Provenance →

  1. "who acknowledged their lack of knowledge before God, attributing all knowledge to Him. Realization means that one's knowledge fades into God's knowledge, becoming as if it were no knowledge at all. All knowledge is returned to its rightful owner, God, whose knowledge is vast beyond comparison. The second degree is about ensuring that one's witnessing does not dispute God's witnessing."

  2. "let alone divinely inspired knowledge. Divinely inspired knowledge is supported by correct evidence that it came from اللّٰه through His messengers. Anything else is merely knowledge from the human self. The barrier to divinely inspired knowledge has been breached, with many claiming their knowledge is divinely inspired. Those who speak on faith, conduct, and the names and attributes of اللّٰه based on whims or what their devils cast into their hearts claim their knowledge is divinely inspired."

  3. "and the deeds of those brought near are through knowledge. This statement is valid in one aspect and invalid in another. The righteous and those brought near act with knowledge, adhering to its rulings, even if the knowledge of those brought near is more complete than that of the righteous. Both are people of knowledge and understanding, so the righteous are not deprived of knowledge, nor are those brought near independent of knowledge."

Cover of Volume 3 — The Sīrah: From the First Revelation to Badr
Volume 3 — The Sīrah: From the First Revelation to Badr
Ibn Kathir · Al-Bidāya wal-Nihāya

14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir → · Provenance →

  1. "Tabuk, during the days of Umar, he asked the people of Kuba, Chapter, The Importance of Knowledge. Knowledge is a light that illuminates the path of the seeker. It is through knowledge that one can discern right from wrong, and it is the foundation upon which the edifice of faith is built. The Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, emphasized the significance of seeking knowledge, stating, Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim. This pursuit is not limited to a specific age or gender. Rather, it is a lifelong journey that enriches the soul and guides the heart. In the pursuit of knowledge, one must approach it with sincerity"

Cover of The Garden of the Gnostics
The Garden of the Gnostics
Imam al-Nawawī · Timeless Classics

13th century · Nawā, Syria
The Forty Hadith, Riyāḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn, and the most widely read commentary on Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim — all produced in a life that lasted barely forty-four years.
More on Imam al-Nawawī → · Provenance →

  1. "son, backquote Abdullah, said, The one who is overly lenient in seeking knowledge will find his knowledge diminished. This means that one who is shy in seeking knowledge will end up with little knowledge. Mujahid said, Knowledge is not learned by the shy or the arrogant. Backquote Aisha, may Allah be pleased with her, said, The best women are the women of the Ansar. They did not let modesty prevent them from understanding religion. Backquote Omar, may Allah be pleased with him, said, Seek understanding before you become leaders. This means striving to master knowledge and diligence"

Cover of Book 1: The Book of Knowledge
Book 1: The Book of Knowledge
Imam al-Ghazali · Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din

11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali → · Provenance →

  1. "In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful. The Book of Knowledge Containing Seven Chapters: Chapter One: On the Virtue of Knowledge, Teaching, and Learning Chapter Two: On the Obligation of Individual Duty and Collective Duty in Sciences, and the Definition of Jurisprudence and Theology in the Science of Religion, as well as the Distinction between the Knowledge of the Hereafter and the Knowledge of the World Chapter Three: On What the General Public Considers Religious Knowledge but Is Not, and Clarification of the Nature and Extent of Blameworthy Knowledge"

Cover of al-Fawāʾid — Points of Benefit, Volume One
al-Fawāʾid — Points of Benefit, Volume One
Ibn al-Qayyim · Timeless Classics

14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim → · Provenance →

  1. "As Hammad ibn Zayd said: I asked Ayyub, "Is there more knowledge today, or in times past?" He replied, "There is more talk today, and more knowledge in times past." So this firmly grounded scholar distinguished between knowledge and mere talk. Books are exceedingly many, and talk, disputation, and mental speculations are many, yet true knowledge stands apart from most of it. Knowledge is what the Messenger brought from God. The Exalted has said: "So whoever disputes with you concerning it after the knowledge that has come to you." And He said:"

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