What did Ibn Battuta see in Shiraz?
In Shiraz Ibn Battuta found gardens, shrines and scholars, and left one of the Riḥla's warmest portraits of a Persian city.
8 passages from 2 books in the library
The passages here record a few scenes from Shiraz. On arriving, Ibn Battuta noticed a carpenter named Balawan Mahmud in the market; later, when a Turkish woman was being taken away and cried out to the people of Shiraz, this carpenter stood up and said they would not allow it. The ruler was Sultan Abu Ishaq, and Ibn Battuta regretted not visiting a man the Sultan had honoured, whose lodging required the Sultan's permission. He adds that the Sultan of India, hearing of the righteous judge of Shiraz, sent ten thousand dinars there.
Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.
The classical approach.
These passages are drawn from 2 books by Ibn Battuta — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.
14th century · Tangier, Morocco
The Riḥlah — a 30-year, 75,000-mile journey across three continents, and the most important travel account of the pre-modern world.
More on Ibn Battuta →
· Provenance →
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"kept covered out of modesty to not be seen in such a state, as it was customary for Turkish women not to cover their faces. She sought the help of the people of Shiraz, exclaiming, Is this how, O people of Shiraz, I am to be taken away from among you while I am so-and-so, the wife of so-and-so? A carpenter named Balawan Mahmud, whom I had seen in the market upon my arrival in Shiraz, stood up and said, We will not allow her to be taken from our land, nor will we consent to this."
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"and the locals honored and welcomed him with gifts along his journey. Upon reaching Shiraz, the Sultan of Shiraz, Abu Ishaq, honored him and provided for his needs. Upon my arrival in Shiraz from India, I was informed that he was still present there. I intended to meet him but refrained because he resided in a place accessible only by permission from Sultan Abu Ishaq, fearing possible repercussions. I later regretted not meeting him."
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"valley and pray for blessings from this saint. May Allah be pleased with him. The Boatman's Sail Standing Up Al-Ubula was a great city once, sought by merchants from India and Persia, but now it is desolate, leaving only palaces and other structures as markers of its former greatness. We set sail on the Persian Sea in a small vessel owned by a man from Al-Ubula called Magamas, after sunset, heading towards Abadan, a large village without cultivation, where many mosques, sanctuaries, and lodgings for the righteous exist. It is three miles from the shore. Ibn Juzay said, Abadan was a city in the past, barren and without crops, relying"
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"returning by the same route if possible, and I had intended to head for Baghdad in Iraq. Some people in Basra advised me to travel through Lur's land, then to Persian Iraq, and finally to Arab Iraq. I followed their advice, reaching Majul within four days. Pronounced Fa'ool, its jim is distinctive. It is a small town by the coast of the Gulf we mentioned, which extends from the Persian Sea. Its land is saline, lacking trees and vegetation, but it boasts one of the largest markets. I stayed there for a day, and then rented a pack animal from grain merchants, who bring grain from Ramiz to Majul. We journeyed"
14th century · Tangier, Morocco
The Riḥlah — a 30-year, 75,000-mile journey across three continents, and the most important travel account of the pre-modern world.
More on Ibn Battuta →
· Provenance →
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"The Sultan sent him ten thousand dinars in coins to his hometown of Shankara, having never met him or been graced by his presence. When the Sultan heard of the righteous and illustrious Judge Mujdal Din of Shiraz, whose story we recorded in the first volume and will refer to later, he sent ten thousand dinars in coins to Shiraz, along with Sheikh Zada al-Damaski."
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"capture him wherever his likeness is found. Ibn Juzayy described a similar instance from history, recounting the tale of Shapur II, the Persian king, who once entered Roman territories in disguise and attended a banquet held by their king. His image appeared on a vessel, alerting one of Caesar's servants, who then identified him as the Persian king."
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"We boarded a haraka-like ship, while the emir's son took another ship filled with entertainers and musicians. They sang in Chinese, Arabic, and Persian, with the emir's son particularly fond of Persian songs, repeatedly requesting them until I memorized one from hearing it so often. It had a wonderful melody, and was as follows."
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"God Almighty knows the truth of what I say, and He is sufficient as a witness. What I narrate is widely reported and known in places near India, like Yemen, Khorasan, and Persia, filled with news about Him. They know it as truth, especially His generosity to foreigners, preferring them over the people of India. He bestowed abundant kindness upon them, granting them high positions and great gifts. His favor upon them was such that He called them the honored ones, and forbade referring to them as strangers, saying that calling someone a stranger breaks their spirit and changes their condition. I will mention some of His numerous generous gifts and benevolence, God willing."
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