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Journey

What did Ibn Battuta see in Tunis and Tripoli?

Ibn Battuta's road east began along the North African coast — Tunis, where he joined the pilgrim caravan, and Tripoli.

8 passages from 2 books in the library

Ibn Battuta reached Tunis by land with the Arabs, after hardships, and found the city besieged by the Arabs and ruled by Abu al-Hassan. He stayed 36 days, often attended the Sultan's assembly, and answered his questions about the king of India. He met the leader of the scholars, Abu Abdullah al-Ablay, then bedridden with illness, and sat in a council with the city's judge Abu Ali Umar ibn Abd al-Rafi'i and Abu Abdullah ibn Harun. One afternoon the Sultan summoned him, with the venerable sheikhs, to a tower overlooking the battlefield.

Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.

Where the answer comes from

The classical approach.

These passages are drawn from 2 books by Ibn Battuta — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.

Read them closely. If a passage doesn't sit right, open the full book in the library and listen to the chapter around it. Context in the classical tradition is everything.

Cover of Volume One: From Tangier to the Lands of the East
Volume One: From Tangier to the Lands of the East
Ibn Battuta · Rihla — The Travels of Ibn Battuta

14th century · Tangier, Morocco
The Riḥlah — a 30-year, 75,000-mile journey across three continents, and the most important travel account of the pre-modern world.
More on Ibn Battuta → · Provenance →

  1. "the Eid, we reached the city of Tripoli, where we stayed for a while. I had contracted a marriage in Sfax with the daughter of one of the agents from Tunis and consummated it in Tripoli. We departed Tripoli at the end of the month of Muharram in the year 26, along with my family and accompanied by a group from the Masmuda. I raised the banner and led them, while the caravan stayed in Tripoli out of fear of the cold and rain."

  2. "well-known hospital that bears his name, unlike any other in the inhabited world. I then arrived at the city of Tripoli, one of the significant centers and grand cities of Syria, crisscrossed by rivers, surrounded by gardens and trees, and flanked by the sea with its deep harbors, and the land with its abundant resources. It boasts marvelous markets, fertile areas for recreation, and the sea is two miles away. This city is newly built, whereas old Tripoli was on the sea's edge, controlled by the Romans for a time. When al-Malik al-Zahir reclaimed it, it was devastated, and the new city was established. This city houses about 40 Turkish emirs, led by"

  3. "for sweet nights passed by the riverside in Gabes, as if my heart at its memory is a burning coal in the hand of the igniter. After leaving the city of Gabes, we headed towards Tripoli, accompanied in some stages by around one hundred horsemen or more. Among those traveling with the caravan were archers, which made the Arabs fear us and avoid confrontation, and by the grace of God we were protected from them. We celebrated Eid al-Adha during one such stage, and on the fourth day after the Eid, we reached the city of Tripoli, where we stayed for a while."

  4. "among their descendants until Judgment Day. Upon reaching Tlemcen, its ruler was Abu Tashfin abd Rahman ibn Musa ibn Uthman ibn Yaghmurasin ibn Zayan, and there I met the envoys of the king of Ifriqiya, Sultan Abu Yahya, may God have mercy on him. Among them were the marriage judge of Tunis, Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr ibn Ali ibn Ibrahim al-Nafzawi, and the pious Sheikh Abu Abdul."

Cover of Volume Two: From India to the Lands of the West
Volume Two: From India to the Lands of the West
Ibn Battuta · Rihla — The Travels of Ibn Battuta

14th century · Tangier, Morocco
The Riḥlah — a 30-year, 75,000-mile journey across three continents, and the most important travel account of the pre-modern world.
More on Ibn Battuta → · Provenance →

  1. "I attended with them the celebration of the birth of the messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, then boarded a ship to Sfax and then headed by sea to Biliana. From there, I traveled by land with the Arabs and, after hardships, arrived at the city of Tunis, which was besieged by the Arabs. Tunis was under the rule of our master, the emir of the Muslims, and the supporter of religion, the fighter in the way of the lord of the worlds, the sign among signs and singular among noble kings, the lion of lions and the most generous of the generous, the devout worshiper, the just, Abu al-Hassan, the son of our master,"

  2. "He asked me about the king of India, and I answered his inquiries. I frequented his noble assembly throughout my stay in Tunis, which lasted 36 days. During that time in Tunis, I met the learned sheikh, the leader of the scholars, Abu Abdullah al-Ablay, who was bedridden with illness and discussed various matters of my travels with me."

  3. "that brought tears to my eyes. Accompanying me was the scholar, physician, and refined Jamal ad-Din al-Maghribi, originally from Granada with roots in Bijaya who had settled in India with his father and had children there. Upon witnessing the sight, he recited to me, Ask the mud about their sultans, for the mighty heads have become mere bones. At this palace, his wedding banquet was held, as shall be mentioned. The Sultan was fond of the Arabs, esteemed them, and acknowledged their virtues. When this emir arrived, he generously rewarded him and bestowed upon him great favors. On one occasion, after receiving"

  4. "solidarity with our master, Abu al-Hassan, may Allah be pleased with him. Present in his council were the jurists Imam Abu Abdullah al-Suti, Imam Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn al-Sabag, and among the people of Tunis were its judge Abu Ali Umar ibn Abd al-Rafi'i and Abu Abdullah ibn Harun. I left the noble court. After the afternoon, our master, Abu al-Hassan, summoned me to a tower overlooking the battlefield, accompanied by the venerable sheikhs, Abu Umar Uthman ibn Abd al-Wahid al-Tanafti, Abu Hassan Ziyan ibn Amr al-Alawi, Abu Zakariya Yahya ibn Suleiman al-Askari, and Al-Hajj Abu al-Hassan al-Namisi."

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The whole road

Every stop of the thirty-year journey, on one map — with the passage from the Riḥla for each: Ibn Baṭṭūṭa's route, mapped →

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