What did Ibn Battuta see in Yemen?
From Aden to Zabid and Taʿizz, Ibn Battuta's Yemen is a land of ports, sultans and scholars on the road to East Africa.
8 passages from 2 books in the library
Ibn Battuta calls Zabid a grand city, forty parasangs from Sana'a, and says no city in Yemen after Sana'a was larger or wealthier. Sana'a was entirely paved, so rain washed its alleys clean, and its mosque held the tomb of a prophet. Aden, the port of Yemen, was ringed by mountains with a single entrance, had no farms or trees, relied on cisterns, and was exceedingly hot. Taiz, seat of the king of Yemen, Sultan al-Mujahid Nur al-Din Ali, had three quarters, and he found its people proud, as is common where kings live.
Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.
The classical approach.
These passages are drawn from 2 books by Ibn Battuta — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.
14th century · Tangier, Morocco
The Riḥlah — a 30-year, 75,000-mile journey across three continents, and the most important travel account of the pre-modern world.
More on Ibn Battuta →
· Provenance →
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"who is noted for similar virtues and altruism. We stayed one night in Sarja hosted by them, then traveled to Marsa al-Hadith, not making landfall, then to Marsa al-Abwab, and then to the city of Zabid, a grand city in Yemen, 40 parasangs from Sana'a. There is no city in Yemen larger than Zabid after Sana'a, nor wealthier."
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"The city is entirely paved, so when the rain falls, it washes and cleanses all its alleys. The mosque of Sana'a is among the finest mosques, and it contains the tomb of a prophet from among the prophets, peace be upon them. I then traveled to the city of Aden, the port of Yemen on the coast of the Great Sea. It is surrounded by mountains and has only one entrance. It is a large city without agriculture or trees, relying on cisterns that collect rainwater during the rainy season. The water is situated at a distance, and sometimes the Arabs prevent access to it until they are appeased with money and clothing. Aden is exceedingly hot. It is the port for"
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"days in good company. Then we departed, and he sent one of the devotees with us as a guide. We headed to the city of Taiz, the seat of the king of Yemen, one of the most beautiful and grand cities of Yemen. Its people are characterized by pride and arrogance, as is common in the lands inhabited by kings. The city comprises three neighborhoods, one for the sultan, his menial staff, and his officials, which bears a name I cannot recall, another for the princes and soldiers called Adina, and the third for the general populace, housing the grand market known as al-Mahalib. News of the sultan of Yemen. He is Sultan al-Mujahid Nur al-Din Ali ibn Sultan al-Mu'ayyad,"
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"extracted. It's used for illumination and applied to hair, highly beneficial. News of the Sultan of Dhofar. He is Sultan al-Mughith, son of King al-Faiz, cousin to the king of Yemen. His father was the Emir of Dhofar, appointed by the ruler of Yemen, to whom he would send a gift every year. However, King al-Mughith claimed the throne for himself and ceased sending the gift. The king of Yemen intended to wage war on him by appointing his cousin, and the incident of the wall collapsing occurred as we previously mentioned. The Sultan has a palace within the city called the Fortress, which is vast and grand, and the"
14th century · Tangier, Morocco
The Riḥlah — a 30-year, 75,000-mile journey across three continents, and the most important travel account of the pre-modern world.
More on Ibn Battuta →
· Provenance →
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"Once when I was in the strait, I saw a hundred ships of his, varying in size, arriving there. Eight of the Sultan's ships were in the harbor, preparing for a voyage to Yemen, and he ordered their readiness and rallied the people to protect his vessels. When they despaired of an opportunity there, they claimed to have come to protect their own ships traveling to Yemen."
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"markets, and its pottery market is among the greatest, pottery exported across all of China, India, and Yemen. Inside this city lies a magnificent church with nine doors. Behind each door, columns and terraces house the inhabitants. Between the second and third doors, there's a place for the blind and disabled, each having allocations and clothing provided by the church's endowments, as is the case for all the doors. Inside there's a hospital for the sick, a kitchen for preparing meals, with doctors and servants. It was mentioned to me that elders without means of earning have their expenses covered by this church, as do orphans and"
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"of gold horseshoes and nails, instructing him, when you disembark, shoe your horses with these. He then set off to Khembite to board a ship destined for Yemen. During this time, an issue arose with the departure of Judge Jalal al-Din, who seized the wealth of Ibn al-Khomi. He also took what belonged to Sheikh al-Shuyukh and fled with Ibn al-Khomi to the Sultan. Upon seeing him, the Sultan gested, I have come to bear the gold and feast with beautiful images. Do not bear gold only to leave your head here. This was meant in jest, and the Sultan then assured him, steady your mind, for I am setting out to oppose them, and I will"
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"When caught, they cut the fish into four parts, cook lightly, then place in palm leaf baskets to hang for smoke. When sufficiently dry, it is eaten and exported to India, China, and Yemen. The chief vegetable among these islands is the coconut, serving as a staple alongside fish previously mentioned. Coconuts exhibit intriguing behavior, with palm trees yielding twelve clusters a year, one each month in various stages, some small, some large, some dry, some green, continually like this."
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