What did the scholars say about laughter?
The Prophet ﷺ smiled more than anyone. He laughed until his molars showed. The scholars preserved the distinction between the laughter that lightens the heart and the laughter that hardens it.
10 passages from 5 books in the library
The scholars distinguished praiseworthy from blameworthy laughter. Al-Ghazali teaches in his Iḥyāʾ that what is commendable is "a smile that reveals the teeth without producing sound, as was the laughter of the Messenger of Allah," while "excess... causes much laughter, and much laughter deadens the heart, breeds enmity." He also praises bringing joy to others, noting that gladdening a Muslim, especially an orphan, is meritorious. The line lies between laughter that lightens the heart and laughter that hardens it.
Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.
The classical approach.
These passages are drawn from 5 books by Ibn al-Qayyim and Imam al-Ghazali — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.
14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
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"comparison to the greatness of the One who commands them, glorified be He, and what He deserves. And اللّٰه, glorified be He, knows best. §§U0007§§ Chapter: The Station of Joy Chapter: Mention of Joy in the القُرْآن Chapter: Among these is joy. The author of "Al-Manazil" said: The chapter of joy begins with the verse where اللّٰه Almighty says: "Say, 'In the bounty of اللّٰه and in His mercy—in that let them rejoice; it is better than what they accumulate.'" This verse is fittingly chosen, as اللّٰه commands His servants to find joy in His bounty and mercy."
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"and the observer of that has moved to what is higher, which is the witnessing of the mentioned presence. His phrase "and makes the soul laugh" means that the hearing of response makes the soul laugh due to its joy from what it has gained from that hearing. He specifically mentions the soul laughing to distinguish it from joy that makes the self, intellect, and heart laugh, as this occurs before the lifting of the veil he referred to, where its place is the self."
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"which is greater than the joy of one who finds their lost mount in a barren land after having lost hope of retrieving it. The point is that joy is the highest form of the heart's delight, pleasure, and happiness. Joy and delight are its bliss, while worry and sorrow are its torment. Joy in something is greater than mere contentment with it, for contentment is tranquility, calmness, and openness, while joy is pleasure, happiness, and delight."
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"peace be upon him, had a slight curvature, and he would only smile, not laugh. Whenever I looked at him, I would say, He has coal in his eyes, but he does not. Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Juz said, I have not seen anyone smile more than the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. Abdullah ibn al-Harith, may Allah be pleased with him, also said, The laughter of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was only a smile."
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"When he was angry, he would turn away and frown, and when he was pleased, he would lower his gaze. His laughter was mostly smiling, revealing teeth like the seeds of a pomegranate. Chapter What Has Been Narrated About The Laughter Of The Messenger Of Allah, Peace Be Upon Him Jabir ibn Samurah, may Allah be pleased with him, said, The leg of the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, had a slight curvature, and he would only smile, not laugh."
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
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"Yet, if people notice, it brings him joy and comfort, easing the hardship of worship from his heart. This joy indicates a hidden form of riya, a layer through which joy seeps. If not for the heart’s inclination towards people, such joy would not manifest upon being observed. Riya lies latent like fire hidden in stone; exposure of his acts by creation reveals signs of joy."
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"jealousy, or mock them or attribute their deeds to showing off. This joy is an indicator of the good faith of Allah's servants. A sign of sincerity in this type is that his joy in others' praise is akin to his joy in being praised. As for the blameworthy aspect, which is the fifth, it is when one's joy results from the establishment of his status in people's hearts, so they praise and exalt him, tend to his needs, and honor him wherever he goes."
14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim →
· Provenance →
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"This laughter is out of love and joy for them, just as He will laugh at the martyr when He meets them on the Day of Resurrection, rejoicing in their arrival. There is no harm in affirming these attributes, for they bring a unique joy and laughter, governed by the same principles as His satisfaction, love, will, and other attributes."
14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim →
· Provenance →
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"The point is that this joy, which no joy resembles, is joy at the performance of a commanded act — repentance — and this indicates that this commanded act is more beloved to Him than the non-occurrence of the prohibited act, by whose non-occurrence repentance, its effect and its purport, would be lost. If it be said: He rejoiced at repentance only because it is the abandonment of what is forbidden, so the joy was at an abandonment — the reply is: it is not so, for sheer abandonment"
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"And his fear, his hope, his joy, his gladness, and his delight are joined to Him alone, so that he fears no other, hopes in no other, and rejoices in no other with the fullness of joy, nor is gladdened by any other with the utmost gladness. Though some joy and gladness may come to him by means of a creature, yet complete joy, perfect gladness, delight, bliss, coolness of the eye, and the repose A Noble Principle: I Pondered This Matter and Found Its Root"
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