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What does Islam say about kindness to parents (birr al-wālidayn)?

The Qur'an places the rights of parents immediately after the rights of Allah. The scholars explained what that really demands — in speech, in service, and in the smallest looks.

10 passages from 6 books in the library

Islam places the rights of parents immediately after the rights of Allah, and the scholars explained what that demands in speech and service. Al-Ghazali, in Patience & Gratitude, illustrates the weight of a parent's claim — even in the homely example of a mother and father giving conflicting instruction, the child must navigate their rights with care. The honoring of parents recurs across the tradition, with the companions' devoted refrain, "May my father and mother be sacrificed for you, O Messenger of Allah," expressing the highest love through invoking the dearest people one has.

Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.

Where the answer comes from

The classical approach.

These passages are drawn from 6 books by Imam al-Dhahabī, Ibn Kathir, Ibn al-Qayyim, and Imam al-Ghazali — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.

Read them closely. If a passage doesn't sit right, open the full book in the library and listen to the chapter around it. Context in the classical tradition is everything.

Cover of Volume 1
Volume 1
Imam al-Dhahabī · Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalā

13th–14th century · Damascus, Syria
Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ — the monumental biographical dictionary of Islamic scholarship, from the companions of the Prophet ﷺ through al-Dhahabī's own era. A working-scholar reference used for seven centuries.
More on Imam al-Dhahabī → · Provenance →

  1. "while Al-Kalbi described a disciple as a close friend. Hisham ibn Urwah narrated that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, once gathered Al-Zubayr's parents for him. Ibn Az-Zubayr once recounted an event to his father, saying, "O my father! I saw you riding your chestnut horse on the day of the trench." His father responded, "O my son! Did you see me?" Ibn Az-Zubayr confirmed, "Yes." His father then shared, "On that day, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, was gathering my parents for me, saying: 'Shoot, may my father and mother be sacrificed for you.'" On the day of the trench, Abdullah ibn Az-Zubayr recalled being in a fortress with Umar ibn Abi Salamah,"

Cover of Al-Kabā'ir — The Major Sins
Al-Kabā'ir — The Major Sins
Imam al-Dhahabī · Timeless Classics

13th–14th century · Damascus, Syria
Siyar Aʿlām al-Nubalāʾ — the monumental biographical dictionary of Islamic scholarship, from the companions of the Prophet ﷺ through al-Dhahabī's own era. A working-scholar reference used for seven centuries.
More on Imam al-Dhahabī → · Provenance →

  1. "Except for disobedience to parents for it is hastened for its owner in this world before the day of resurrection Kabbalah bar may Allah have mercy on him added Indeed Allah hastens the destruction of a servant if he is disobedient to his parents and he prolongs the life of a servant if he Is dutiful to his parents increasing him in goodness and kindness among the duties towards parents is to support them if they are in need a Man once came to the Prophet peace be upon him and said Oh messenger of Allah My father wants to take from my wealth the Prophet peace be upon him replied you and your wealth belong to your father"

  2. "Revealed to Moses peace be upon him. Oh Moses honor your parents for whoever honors his parents I will extend his life and grant him a child who will honor him and whoever disobeys his parents I will shorten his life and grant him a child who will disobey him Abu Bakr Ibn Abi Maryam mentioned reading in the Torah that whoever strikes his father should be killed Similarly Wab noted that the Torah states whoever insults his parents should be stoned Amr Ibn Murrah Al-juhani narrated that a man approached the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him and asked Oh Messenger of Allah if I pray the five prayers fast during Ramadan gives a cot and perform hajj. What will I have?"

  3. "My father wants to take from my wealth the Prophet peace be upon him replied you and your wealth belong to your father Kabbalah bar was asked about disobedience to parents and he explained It is when a father or mother swears an oath upon him and he does not fulfill it When they command him to do something he does not obey them when they ask him for something He does not give it to them and when they entrust him with something he betrays them Ibn Abbas may Allah be pleased with him was asked about the people of al-araf who they are and what al-araf is He explained al-araf is a mountain between paradise and hell and it is called al-araf because it overlooks both"

  4. "Then who the Prophet said your mother the man asked once more then who? The Prophet said your father then the nearest relatives then the nearest relatives This emphasizes the duty towards the mother three times and towards the father once because her hardship is greater and her compassion more profound Along with what she endures from pregnancy labor childbirth nursing and sleepless nights Ibn Umar may Allah be pleased with him once saw his mother on his back while circumambulating the Kaaba He said Oh Ibn Umar. Do you think I have repaid her?"

Cover of Hud, Salih & the Destroyed Nations
Hud, Salih & the Destroyed Nations
Ibn Kathir · Stories of the Prophets

14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir → · Provenance →

  1. "As Allah says in Surah Maryam and mention in the book the story of Abraham Indeed he was a man of truth and a prophet when he said to his father Oh my father, why do you worship that which does not hear does not see and will not benefit you at all Oh my father indeed there has come to me of knowledge that which has not come to you So follow me I will guide you to an even path. Oh My father do not worship Satan indeed. Satan has been a rebel against the most merciful Oh my father indeed I fear that there will touch you a punishment from the most merciful so you would be to Satan a companion his father replied"

Cover of Volume One
Volume One
Ibn al-Qayyim · Madārij al-Sālikīn

14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim → · Provenance →

  1. "He remembers his father's nurturing and kindness time after time, and his heart is filled with longing and regret whenever he sees his condition and remembers what he used to have. While he is in the captivity of his enemy, suffering severe torment, and facing the threat of death, he turns his gaze towards his father's home and sees his father nearby. He rushes to him, throws himself upon him, and collapses at his feet, crying out, "O my father, O my father, O my father!"

  2. "شُعْبَة narrated from سَعْد بْن إِبْرَاهِيم that he heard حُمَيْد بْن عَبْد الرَّحْمَن narrating from عَبْدُ اللّٰه بْن عَمْر, may اللّٰه be pleased with them, from the Prophet, peace be upon him, who said: "Among the greatest of sins is for a man to curse his parents." They asked, "How does a man curse his parents?" He said, "A man curses another man's father, so the other curses his father, and he curses his mother, so the other curses his mother.""

Cover of Book 30: The Condemnation of Self-Delusion
Book 30: The Condemnation of Self-Delusion
Imam al-Ghazali · Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din

11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali → · Provenance →

  1. "prioritizing the most pressing of personal obligations over lesser ones, and choosing what cannot be missed over what can. This includes prioritizing a mother's needs over a father's, as when the Prophet was asked, "Who should I honor most, O Messenger of God? He replied, "Your mother. "Then who? "Your mother. "Then who? "Your mother. "Then who? "Your father."

Cover of Volume 2 — From the Israelite Prophets to Pre-Islamic Arabia
Volume 2 — From the Israelite Prophets to Pre-Islamic Arabia
Ibn Kathir · Al-Bidāya wal-Nihāya

14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir → · Provenance →

  1. "Chapter Salman al-Farsi, a Persian man from Isfahan, shared his story. He was from a village called Ji, where his father was a landowner. Salman was his father's most beloved, so much so that he was confined to the house like a maid. Salman was deeply devoted to Zoroastrianism, diligently tending to the fire, ensuring it never went out. One day his father, busy with construction, asked Salman to check on their estate. As Salman set out, he passed by a Christian church and was captivated by their prayer. He found their religion more appealing than his own and stayed with them until sunset, neglecting his father's estate. When he returned, his father was worried and"

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