What does classical Islam say about speech in the age of social media?
The Prophet's ﷺ warnings on speech — backbiting, tale-bearing, idle talk — land with fresh weight in the age of social media. The classical rulings update themselves.
10 passages from 9 books in the library
Classical Islamic ethics of speech apply directly to social media: the same warnings al-Ghazali gave against backbiting, gossip, and idle talk now land on what we post and share. In his Evils of the Tongue, he counts gossip among the tongue's grave afflictions, citing the Qur'anic rebuke of "a slanderer going about with gossip." His remedy is twofold — reflecting on the consequences until one fears them, and forming the habit of restraint so the tongue recoils from lies. He notes that even silence in remembrance is better than moving the tongue to backbite a Muslim.
Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.
The classical approach.
These passages are drawn from 9 books by Ibn al-Qayyim, Imam al-Ghazali, and Ibn Kathir — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.
14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim →
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"Rather, they only experience life to feel pain. The point is that when a person is in distress or calamity, their heart, tongue, and limbs fail them in what would be of most benefit to them. Their heart does not incline towards reliance on Allah, returning to Him, focusing on Him, supplicating, and humbling themselves before Him. Their tongue does not comply with remembrance, and even if they mention Allah by tongue, they do not unite their heart with their tongue, so that the remembrance becomes effective. Nor do their heart and tongue focus on the One Remembered. Instead, if they remember or supplicate, they"
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
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"The second is guarding the tongue from idle chatter, lying, backbiting, gossiping, foul language, harshness, arguments, and disputes, instead obliging oneself to silence and occupying it with the remembrance of Allah and recitation of the Quran. This is the fasting of the tongue. Sufyan said that backbiting ruins the fast. Moreover, it is narrated that Mujahid said: "Two traits ruin fasting: backbiting and lying.""
14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim →
· Provenance →
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"This is among the noblest types of remembrance. There are five types of remembrance. Sometimes it occurs through both the heart and tongue together, which is the best form. Other times it is through the heart alone, which holds the second rank. Lastly, it can be through the tongue alone, which is the third rank. The best remembrance is when the heart and tongue are in harmony. Chapter The Remembrance of Allah is Superior to Supplication Indeed, the remembrance of the heart alone is superior to the remembrance of the tongue alone. This is because the remembrance of the heart leads to knowledge, stirs love, arouses modesty, inspires fear, calls to vigilance,"
14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim →
· Provenance →
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"A benefit: among those who practice remembrance are some who begin with the remembrance of the tongue, even while heedless, and then keep at it until the heart is present, so that the two go together in the remembrance. Others see it otherwise and will not begin while heedless; rather they grow still until the heart is present, then set out in remembrance with the heart, and when it grows strong it draws the tongue along after it, so that the two go together. The first transfers the remembrance from his tongue to his heart; the second transfers it from his heart to his tongue without his heart ever being empty of it."
14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim →
· Provenance →
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"peace be upon them, "And We granted them a high tongue of truth." The intended meaning of "tongue" here is good praise. Since truth is with the tongue, اللّٰه set the tongues of His servants free to praise the truthful one, as a fitting reward, and expressed it through him. The term "tongue" can have three meanings. First, it can refer to language, as in اللّٰه's words: "And We did not send any messenger except [speaking] in the language of his people to clarify for them," from سُورَة إِبْرَاهِيم, and "And the diversity of your tongues and colors," from سُورَة الرُّوم."
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
· Provenance →
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"When asked, he said no. The Prophet, peace be upon him, concluded to the man, "Rise, for he may be better than you." Treatment to Prevent the Tongue from Backbiting Know that the remedy for all evil traits is found in the combination of knowledge and action. The treatment of each ailment lies in countering its cause. Let us investigate its cause, and the remedy for restraining the tongue from backbiting is twofold: one general and one specific."
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
· Provenance →
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"Even if they fast and pray, when they speak, they lie, when they promise, they break it, and when entrusted, they betray. Third, backbiting. Safeguard your tongue from it. Backbiting is more severe than thirty fornications in Islam, as mentioned in Hadith. The definition of backbiting is to mention something about someone they dislike if they heard it, establishing one as an unjust slanderer, even if truthful."
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
· Provenance →
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"Thus, imploring and seeking forgiveness with the heart is a good deed that is not lost with God at all. Rather, I say even seeking forgiveness with the tongue is a good deed, since moving the tongue with it from heedlessness is better than moving the tongue at that time in backbiting a Muslim or idle talk, and it is better than remaining silent about it."
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"And whoever is used to idle talk, his tongue jumps to say, 'How foolish you are, how repulsive your lie is. Whoever is accustomed to seeking refuge, when a hint of evil emerges from an evildoer, his tongue by habit says, 'We seek refuge with God. Whereas, if accustomed to idle talk, he says, 'May God curse him,' thus sinning with one word and being safe with the other, and his safety is a result of his tongue's habit of goodness, and this is among the meanings of God's words {Indeed, God does not allow to be lost the reward of the doers of good} and the meanings of His words {And if there is any good, He multiplies it and gives from Himself}."
14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
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"victors. In Surat Taha Allah says go to Pharaoh indeed he has transgressed. Moses said my lord open for me my chest and ease for me my task and untie the knot from my tongue that they may understand my speech. It is said that he had a lisp in his tongue because of the coal he placed on it. Pharaoh wanted to test Moses's wit when as a child Moses grabbed his beard prompting Pharaoh to consider killing him. Asiyah feared for him and said he is just a child. To test him Pharaoh placed a date and a hot coal before him. Moses reached for the date but an angel guided his hand to the coal which he then put on his tongue causing"
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