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Prophets

What is the story of Prophet Yūnus in the whale?

Yūnus left his people before Allah's permission. The sea took him; the whale swallowed him. In that darkness, he called out with the words Allah preserved — and was returned.

10 passages from 5 books in the library

The story of Yunus (Jonah), as the page tells it, is of a prophet who left his people before Allah's permission: the sea took him and the whale swallowed him, and in that darkness he called out with the words Allah preserved and was returned. The cited passages note that his people are the one community singled out in the Qur'an whose faith benefited them — when they believed, Allah removed the punishment from them. Travellers like Ibn Battuta also record visiting sites near Nineveh associated with Yunus.

Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.

Where the answer comes from

The classical approach.

These passages are drawn from 5 books by Ibn Kathir and Ibn Battuta — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.

Read them closely. If a passage doesn't sit right, open the full book in the library and listen to the chapter around it. Context in the classical tradition is everything.

Cover of Volume 1 — From Creation to Mūsā
Volume 1 — From Creation to Mūsā
Ibn Kathir · Al-Bidāya wal-Nihāya

14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir → · Provenance →

  1. "away to the laden ship, and he drew lots and was among the losers. So the great fish devoured him while he was blameworthy. God sent a great fish to swallow Yunus, commanding it not to harm him. The fish carried him through the seas, and some say another, larger fish, swallowed it. Inside the fish Yunus initially thought he had died, but upon moving his limbs, he realized he was alive."

  2. "While in the depths of the sea, Yunus heard a sound and wondered about it. Allah revealed to him that it was the glorification of the sea creatures. Yunus then glorified Allah from within the whale. The angels hearing his voice recognized it and interceded for him. Allah commanded the whale to release Yunus onto the shore as described in the Quran."

  3. "Others say three days, while some claim seven days. Another opinion is that he stayed for forty days, but ultimately only God knows best. During his time in the fish, Yunus heard the praises of the fish, and even the pebbles extolling the Creator. It was then that he called out to God, as recounted in Surah Al-Anbiya. And the man of the fish, when he went away in anger and thought that we would not decree anything against him, he called out in the depths of darkness, There is no deity except you."

  4. "It emphasizes the humility and modesty of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and teaches that no one should consider themselves superior to Yunus. Bukhari states at the end, And I do not say that anyone is better than Yunus ibn Madda, meaning that no one should consider themselves superior to Yunus. Another statement indicates, It is not befitting for anyone to prefer me over Yunus ibn Madda, as has been narrated in some hadiths."

Cover of Volume 2 — From the Israelite Prophets to Pre-Islamic Arabia
Volume 2 — From the Israelite Prophets to Pre-Islamic Arabia
Ibn Kathir · Al-Bidāya wal-Nihāya

14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir → · Provenance →

  1. "added that they were located between Madian and the Mount of Sinai. They followed the Torah's prohibition of work on the Sabbath. The fish, knowing it was a day of rest, would come forth openly and safely as it was forbidden for the people to fish or engage in any work or trade. On other days they would catch the fish. Allah the Exalted says in Surah Al-Araf, Thus we test them, meaning He tested them with an abundance of fish on the Sabbath due to their previous transgressions. Seeing this, they devised a way to catch the fish by setting traps and nets on Friday. When the fish came in abundance on Saturday, they became ensnared."

Cover of The Destroyed Nations & Yunus
The Destroyed Nations & Yunus
Ibn Kathir · Stories of the Prophets

14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir → · Provenance →

  1. "Al-Bukhari said at the end of it: And I do not say: that anyone is more excellent than Yunus son of Matta. This wording strengthens one of the two interpretations of the meaning: It is not fitting for anyone to say: I am better than Yunus son of Matta — that is, no one may set himself above Yunus in merit. The other interpretation: It is not fitting for anyone to prefer me above Yunus son of Matta, as has come in some of the hadiths: "Do not prefer me above the prophets, nor above Yunus son of Matta." This belongs to the manner of self-effacement and humility on his part, God's blessings and peace be upon him and upon all the prophets and messengers of God."

  2. "Al-Bukhari said at the end of it: "And I do not say: that anyone is better than Yunus ibn Matta." This wording strengthens one of the two views regarding the meaning: "It is not fitting for anyone to say, 'I am better than Yunus ibn Matta'" — that is, no one may set himself above Yunus. The other view is: "It is not fitting for anyone to prefer me over Yunus ibn Matta," as has come in some of the hadiths: "Do not prefer me above the prophets, nor above Yunus ibn Matta." This belongs to his self-effacement and humility, God's blessings and peace be upon him and upon all the prophets and messengers of God."

  3. "whatever You decree comes to be, for Yours alone is the command. "Then he called out in the depths of darkness." Ibn Mas'ud, Ibn Abbas, Amr ibn Maymun, Sa'id ibn Jubayr, Muhammad ibn Ka'b, al-Hasan, Qatada and al-Dahhak said: the darkness of the fish, the darkness of the sea, and the darkness of the night. And Salim ibn Abi al-Ja'd said: Another fish swallowed the fish, so there was the darkness of the two fish together with the darkness of the sea."

Cover of Volume One: From Tangier to the Lands of the East
Volume One: From Tangier to the Lands of the East
Ibn Battuta · Rihla — The Travels of Ibn Battuta

14th century · Tangier, Morocco
The Riḥlah — a 30-year, 75,000-mile journey across three continents, and the most important travel account of the pre-modern world.
More on Ibn Battuta → · Provenance →

  1. "practice, and he felt ashamed, saying he assumed they had slaughtered the birds. He thereafter avoided me until invited. My sustenance on this voyage consisted of dates and fish. They fished morning and evening for a fish called shir mahi in Persian, meaning lionfish, as shir means lion and mahi means fish. It resembles the fish known as tarzat to us. The crew cut it into pieces, grilled it, and distributed equal portions to all on board, without favoritism towards the captain or anyone else, accompanying it with dates. I had brought bread and cake from Dhofar, and when it was exhausted, I subsisted on the fish along with the"

Cover of The Story of Musa
The Story of Musa
Ibn Kathir · Stories of the Prophets

14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir → · Provenance →

  1. "Allah rebuked him for not attributing knowledge to Allah, and it was revealed that there was someone at the junction of the two seas. Musa asked for guidance to find this person, and it was said, Where the fish leaves you. Musa took a fish and placed it in a basket, instructing his servant to inform him when the fish left. While resting in the shade of a rock, the fish thrashed about and entered the sea, leaving a trace as if in stone."

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