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Why does Allah test us?

The Qurʾan itself asks and answers: Did you think you would be left without being tested? The classical scholars wrote extensively on the purposes — distinguishing, purifying, elevating — that tests serve.

10 passages from 7 books in the library

Allah tests the believer to distinguish, purify, and elevate them, and the Qurʾan itself poses the question — "Did you think you would be left without being tested?" In his Book of Patience and Gratitude, al-Ghazali frames suffering as something to be endured with hope from Allah, reminding the believer that earthly hardship is light beside the suffering of the Hereafter. He observes that the one who endured the most hardship in this world may, on being asked, recall no hardship at all once entered into reward. Trials thus refine the servant and turn the heart toward what endures.

Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.

Where the answer comes from

The classical approach.

These passages are drawn from 7 books by Imam al-Ghazali, Ibn al-Qayyim, and Ibn Kathir — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.

Read them closely. If a passage doesn't sit right, open the full book in the library and listen to the chapter around it. Context in the classical tradition is everything.

Cover of Book 23: The Book of Breaking the Two Desires
Book 23: The Book of Breaking the Two Desires
Imam al-Ghazali · Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din

11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali → · Provenance →

  1. "Therefore, the torment of the hereafter and its agonies should not be absent from the servant’s mind, for it incites fear. A person not in humility, infirmity, scarcity, or suffering forgets the torment of the hereafter; it does not manifest in their mind, nor does it dominate their heart. Hence, the servant should either endure suffering or witness suffering; the most appropriate suffering to endure is hunger, for it has immense benefits beyond remembering the torment of the hereafter."

  2. "Whoever closes a gate of the Fire has inevitably opened a gate of Heaven, for they are opposites, like the East and the West. Thus, proximity to one is distance from the other. Benefit Four: To not forget the tribulation of Allah and His punishment or those in suffering. The satiated person forgets the hungry and hunger itself. A wise servant does not witness others’ suffering without remembering the suffering of the hereafter."

Cover of The Wholesome Rain of Good Words
The Wholesome Rain of Good Words
Ibn al-Qayyim · Timeless Classics

14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim → · Provenance →

  1. "As, remembrance, in the verse, can either be a genitive term referring to the subject or a proper noun. They turned away from My book, neither recited it, pondered its meaning, acted upon it, nor understood it. For such a person, life and living are nothing but a struggle, hardship, and torment. The word distress denotes difficulty, hardship, and affliction. Life itself is described as distress as a form of emphasis, and this life of hardship is interpreted as the torment of the Isthmus, the period between death and resurrection."

  2. "of Allah does not make bearable, no hardship that does not become easy, and no burden without relief. Section Sixty-First There is no fear that it does not alleviate, no hardship that it does not remove, and no distress that it does not open up. Thus, the remembrance of Allah, the Exalted, is the relief after hardship, ease after difficulty, and comfort after anxiety."

Cover of Book 32: Patience and Gratitude
Book 32: Patience and Gratitude
Imam al-Ghazali · Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din

11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali → · Provenance →

  1. "This is how the masters of the world have fallen into the traps and snares of worldly life. Moreover, we should not say the one avoiding the worldly is suffering through patience, for those indulging in worldly delights also suffer through guarding, acquiring, and protecting their possessions from thieves. The abstainer's suffering leads to pleasure in the hereafter, while the worldly engagee's suffering leads to pain in the hereafter."

  2. "Thus, the one who turns away from worldly matters should remind themselves of Allah's words: "And do not lose heart in pursuing the enemy. If you are suffering, they are suffering as you are suffering, but you hope from Allah what they do not. Hence, the path of gratitude is closed to people due to their ignorance of the types of blessings both apparent and hidden, specific and general."

Cover of Book 13: Etiquettes of Earning and Living
Book 13: Etiquettes of Earning and Living
Imam al-Ghazali · Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din

11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali → · Provenance →

  1. "During a violent wind at sea, the people on the ship, including Ibrahim ibn Adham, may God have mercy on him, asked him, "Do you not see this hardship? He replied, "This is not hardship; hardship is needing people." Ayub said, "Abu Qilaba told me, 'Stick to the market, for prosperity lies in independence from people.'" Ahmad was asked about someone who sits at home and does nothing, claiming that provisions will come to him."

Cover of Book 40: The Book of the Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife
Book 40: The Book of the Remembrance of Death and the Afterlife
Imam al-Ghazali · Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din

11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali → · Provenance →

  1. "be said, dip him into the fire for a moment. Then it will be said to him, have you ever seen any comfort? And he will reply, no. Conversely, the person who experienced the most hardship in worldly life will be brought forth, and it will be said, dip him into paradise for a moment. Then it will be said to him, have you ever seen any hardship? And he will reply, no. Abu Hurairah said, if a person from the people of hell were to breathe among a gathering of a hundred thousand people or more in a mosque, they would all perish. Some scholars have said regarding the verse, the fire will sear their faces, that the fire will scorch them so severely that no flesh will"

Cover of Volume 3 — The Sīrah: From the First Revelation to Badr
Volume 3 — The Sīrah: From the First Revelation to Badr
Ibn Kathir · Al-Bidāya wal-Nihāya

14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir → · Provenance →

  1. "he came to his family prayed the evening prayer then slept without eating or drinking until he awoke and continued fasting the messenger of Allah peace be upon him saw that he was in great hardship and said what is it that I see you in such hardship he informed him Umar had also engaged in relations with his wife after sleeping and he came to the messenger of Allah peace be upon him and mentioned that to him then Allah revealed it has been made lawful for you the night of fasting to go to your women they are clothing for you and you are clothing for them until his saying then complete the fast until the sunset this"

Cover of The Disease and The Cure
The Disease and The Cure
Ibn al-Qayyim · Timeless Classics

14th century · Damascus, Syria
Madārij al-Sālikīn — the classical map of the spiritual journey — and a vast body of work on the soul, love, the traps of the ego, and the nature of the heart.
More on Ibn al-Qayyim → · Provenance →

  1. "and he will be dipped in paradise just once. And it will be said to him, O son of Adam, have you ever seen any misery? Has any hardship ever passed you by? He will say, No, by Allah, O Lord. No misery has ever passed over me, and I have never seen any hardship. In the Musnad, it is narrated from Al-Bara bin Azib that he said, We accompanied the Prophet, peace be upon him, to the funeral of a man from the Ansar. When we reached the grave, it had not yet been prepared. The Prophet, peace be upon him, sat down, and we sat around him quietly, as if birds were perched on our heads. He held a stick in his hand and was"

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Grounded in the Qurʾān, authentic Sunnah, and the four madhāhib. Sourced answers. Never a fatwā — for personal matters, ask a qualified imam. How these answers are made →

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