What are the virtues of Sūrat al-Baqarah?
The Prophet ﷺ said Shayṭān flees from a house in which al-Baqarah is recited. Its last two verses suffice at night. Its three parts and their meanings.
10 passages from 6 books in the library
Sūrat al-Baqarah held great weight among the early community, as the cited reports show. It is related that ʿUthmān would begin his Friday night with al-Baqarah, and that while most Companions memorised only a sūrah or two, those who had memorised al-Baqarah were held in special esteem. Al-Ghazali records the practice of reciting its opening and closing verses at the head of the grave. Ibn Masʿūd, hearing a man boast he had recited it overnight, replied that this was "your portion." The sūrah also carries the divine command to "descend all of you from it."
Drawn from the classical sources below — in the scholars' own words.
The classical approach.
These passages are drawn from 6 books by Ibn Kathir and Imam al-Ghazali — part of the classical Sunni tradition that carries over a thousand years of reflection on the Qurʾān, the authentic Sunnah, and the consensus of the early community. Nothing below is a paraphrase. The words are the scholars' own, translated from the original Arabic manuscripts.
14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir →
· Provenance →
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"slaughtered it, though they nearly failed to do so. The phrase, without any blemish in her, means the cow was free from defects and had no color that contradicted her own. When they finally found a cow with these attributes, it belonged to a man who was dutiful to his father. They requested to buy it, but he refused until they offered him its weight in gold, and eventually ten times its weight, after which he agreed to sell it. Moses commanded them to sacrifice the cow, and they did so, albeit hesitantly. Then, by Allah's command, they struck the slain man with a part of the cow. It is said it was with her thigh flesh"
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"simply conveying Allah's command. Ibn Abbas and others noted that if they had been content with slaughtering any cow, it would have sufficed. However, they complicated matters by asking about its characteristics, color, and age, making it difficult for themselves. They were told to slaughter a cow that was neither too old nor too young, but of intermediate age. They then asked about its color, and were told it should be a bright yellow cow, pleasing to the beholders, which was rare. They continued to seek clarification, and it was revealed that the cow should not be trained for tilling or watering the fields,"
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"take us in ridicule? He said, I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant. They asked Moses to call upon Allah to show them what kind of cow it should be. He replied, He says it is a cow, neither too old nor too young, but of middle age, so do as you are commanded. They then asked about its color, and he said, He says it is a yellow cow, bright in color, pleasing to the beholders. Still not satisfied, they asked for more details, saying all cows looked alike to them. Moses replied, He says it is a cow not trained to till the earth or water the fields, sound and without blemish."
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"forward, they asked Moses to consult Allah regarding the matter. Moses prayed, and Allah commanded him to instruct them to slaughter a cow. Moses conveyed, Allah commands you to slaughter a cow, to which they replied, Do you take us in mockery? They were puzzled, asking about a murder and being told to slaughter a cow."
14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir →
· Provenance →
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"about the cow. This led to further instructions from Allah, making the task more difficult for them. They inquired about the cow's description, color, and age, and were given rare specifications. The cow was to be of median age, neither too old nor too young. Then they asked about its color, and were told it should be a bright yellow cow, pleasing to the observers."
14th century · Bosra, Syria
Monumental history Al-Bidāyah wa al-Nihāyah, the world's most widely read Qurʾanic commentary, and the classical Stories of the Prophets.
More on Ibn Kathir →
· Provenance →
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"this narration is also found in a longer version by Muslim and now another hadith the messenger of Allah peace be upon him performed the Fajr prayer and then turned to the people saying while a man was driving a cow he wrote it and struck it the cow said we were not created for this we were created for plowing the people exclaimed glory be to Allah a cow speaks he said by this I and Abu Bakr and Umar are amazed and while a man was among his sheep a wolf attacked and took a sheep away as he pursued it the wolf said you have rescued it from me but who will care for it on the day of the beast a day when no shepherd other than me"
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"someone or lending a knife. If they do, they must compensate with a similar animal from livestock. If the game is an ostrich, a camel is required. If it is a wild donkey, a cow is required. If it is a wild cow or its types, a cow is required. If it is a gazelle or a fox, a goat is required. If it is a hyena, a ram is required. If it is a rabbit, a young goat is required. If it is a jerboa, a young sheep is required. For a lizard, a young goat is required. For larger animals, a larger compensation is required, and for smaller ones, a smaller compensation, matching the characteristics of what was killed. If it"
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"and for every 50 camels, a three-year-old sheep camel. For cattle, for every 30, a one-year-old male or female calf is due. For 40 cattle, a two-year-old cow is due. For 60 cattle, two one-year-old calves are due. When reaching 70 cattle, one one-year-old calf and one two-year-old cow are due. For every 30 cattle, one should give a young bull, and for every 40, a mature cow."
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
· Provenance →
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"Firstly, it's important to understand that covering up defects and promoting goods dishonestly does not increase one's provision; rather, it diminishes it and removes its blessing. What is gathered through deception, Allah destroys all at once. There is a story of a man who had a cow and mixed water with its milk to sell it. A flood came and drowned the cow, and one of his children remarked, "The scattered waters we poured into the milk gathered all at once and took the cow.""
11th–12th century · Ṭūs, Khurāsān
Reviving the inner life of Islam through the Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn — one of the most influential works ever written in any religious tradition.
More on Imam al-Ghazali →
· Provenance →
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""Whoever prays Maghrib in congregation and then prays two rak’ahs afterwards, not speaking of worldly matters between them, and recites in the first rak'ah Fatiha of the Book and ten verses from the beginning of Surah Al-Baqarah and two verses from its middle, 'Your God is One God; there is no deity but Him, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate,' until the end of the verse, and 'Say, He is Allah, the One' fifteen times, then bows and prostrates, and when he stands for the second rak'ah, recites Fatiha of the Book and Ayat al-Kursi and the two following it, 'They are companions of the Fire, they will abide therein,' and three verses from the end of Surah Al-Baqarah,"
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