Who was Fāṭima bint Muḥammad?

"Another narration by Imam Ahmad states, Fatima is the leader of the women of the people of Paradise, except for Maryam, daughter of Imran. This suggests that Maryam and Fatima are the best among these four. The exception could mean that Maryam is better than Fatima, or that they are equal in virtue. However, there is a hadith that specifies the first possibility, stating, The leader of the women of Paradise is Maryam, daughter of Imran, then Fatima, then Khadijah, then Asiyah, the wife of Pharaoh."

"It is narrated that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, Sufficient for you among them are four. The leaders of the women of the world are Fatima, daughter of Muhammad, Khadijah, daughter of Khuwaylid, Asiyah, daughter of Muzahim and Maryam, daughter of Imran. In another narration, Aisha spoke to Fatima, saying, Did you see when you leaned over the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and cried and then laughed?"

"To him belongs what he creates and fashions, and over his creation he has decreed finitude. In the Messenger of Allah is a good example. This is the grave of Umm Salama, Fatima bint Husayn, may Allah be pleased with her. The other plaque is inscribed with the craftsmanship of Muhammad ibn Abi. Salah al-Nakash in Egypt, beneath these verses, I have placed the one whose abode was my innermost heart, against my will between dust and stone. O grave of Fatima, daughter of Ibn Fatima, daughter of the Imams, daughter of the stars shining brightly, O grave what piety and devotion, what chastity and protection, what modesty you contain. Then I traveled from this city to"

"that the messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, you have four ladies who are the leaders of the women of the worlds, Fatima, Khadija, Aisha and Mariam. It is narrated that Aisha once asked Fatima, do you remember when you leaned over the messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and cried, then laughed? Fatima replied, he informed me that he would die from this pain, so I cried."

"Jesus and the beauty of Yusuf reports that Jesus was raised when he was 33 years old. The hadith narrated by al-Hakim and Yaqub ibn Sufyan al-Fasawi tells us that Fatima bint al-Husayn shared a saying of Aisha. Aisha recounted that Fatima informed her that the messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said no prophet lived after another except for half the lifespan of the former. He mentioned that Jesus, son of Mary, lived for 120 years, and he saw himself living towards 60. This narration is considered strange. Al-Hafiz ibn Asakir clarified that Jesus did not reach this age."

"do you know what this is? He replied, Allah and his messenger know best. He then said, the best of the women of the people of paradise are Khadija, Fatima, Mariam and Aisha. This was also narrated by al-Nasai through various chains. Ibn al-Sakir reported from Jabir ibn Abdullah that the messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, you have four ladies who are the leaders of the women of the worlds, Fatima, Khadija, Aisha and Mariam."

"Affan related to us, saying: Ata ibn al-Sa'ib informed us, from his father, from Ali, that when the Messenger of God married him to Fatima, he sent along with her a velvet wrap, a leather cushion stuffed with palm fibre, a hand-mill, a waterskin and two jars. One day Ali said to Fatima: By God, I have drawn water until my chest aches. God has brought your father some captives, so go and ask him for a servant. She said: And I, by God, have ground grain until my hands are blistered. So she came to the Prophet, God's peace and blessings be upon him, and he said: What has brought you, my little daughter?"

"She was then fifteen years and five months old, and Ali was six years her senior. Fabricated reports have circulated concerning the marriage of Ali to Fatima which we have not cited, having no desire for them. She bore him Hasan, Husayn, Muhassin, and Umm Kulthum — whom Umar ibn al-Khattab married thereafter. Imam Ahmad said: Affan related to us, saying: Ata ibn al-Sa'ib informed us, from his father, from Ali, that when the Messenger of God married him to Fatima, he sent along with her a velvet wrap, a leather cushion stuffed with palm fibre, a hand-mill, a waterskin and two jars."

"It has been related that on the wedding night of Ali and Fatima, he, upon him be peace, performed ablution and poured the water over him and over Fatima, and prayed for them that their offspring be blessed. Her cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib married her after the emigration, after Badr — and it is said after Uhud, and it is said four and a half months after the Messenger of God, God's peace and blessings be upon him, married Aisha — and he consummated the marriage seven and a half months later. He gave her as dowry his Hutami coat of mail, worth four hundred dirhams."

"Abdullah ibn Amr ibn al-As may Allah be pleased with them, reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said to Fatima, May Allah be pleased with her. What brought you out, O Fatima? She replied, I came to the family of this house to express my condolences for their deceased and to console them. Amr ibn Hazm narrated that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said, There is no believer who consoles his brother in a calamity, except that Allah will clothe him with garments of honor on the Day of Resurrection."