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The Oneness of God

التوحيد

Tawḥīd — the first word and the last word.

The absolute oneness of Allah as the classical theologians articulated it — oneness of lordship, oneness of worship, oneness of names and attributes. The word that lifts every other word.

In short

Ibn al-Qayyim, in al-Fawāʾid, calls tawḥīd the refuge and fortress of creation: nothing throws a person into distress like associating others with Allah, and nothing delivers from it like affirming His oneness, as Yūnus did in the darkness. In Madārij al-Sālikīn he adds that it has two sides, singling out Allah in worship and singling out His Messenger in obedience. Al-Ghazālī, in the Iḥyāʾ, adds that sincerity in the word means having no aim other than Allah. So make the word true in the heart, and turn to it in every distress.

883 matches across the library · 36 curated below

From the Pen of

Imam al-Ghazali

11 passages
  1. "In this case, one sees many things, but despite their multitude, views them as emanating from the One, the Conqueror. The fourth aspect is to see nothing in existence except the One, which is the witnessing of the truthful, and the Sufis call it annihilation in monotheism. For as one sees only the One, one does not see oneself either. When one does not see oneself due to being absorbed in monotheism, one has indeed become annihilated from oneself in monotheism, meaning that one is annihilated from seeing oneself and creation."

  2. "that there is no god but Allah will enter paradise. Ubaidullah affirmed this and Uthman added, When the dying one is present, instruct him with there is no god but Allah, for no servant concludes his life with it except that it is his provision to paradise. Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, advised, Attend your dying ones and remind them, for they see what you do not see, and instruct them with there is no god but Allah."

  3. "leading to a path that can mislead many seeking true knowledge. The third term is "monotheism," which has become associated with the art of dialectics and argumentation. Some groups even call themselves the "People of Justice and Monotheism," and dialecticians are referred to as scholars of monotheism. Yet, in the early days, the signs of this craft were largely unknown, and argumentation was rejected."

  4. "Apparent to those who seek Him in the lamp ignited within their hearts with inner insight penetrating the realm of the unseen. This was the monotheism of those seeking the path of monotheism in action, meaning it is revealed to them that the Agent is One." If you say that this monotheism rests upon belief in the unseen world, what about those who neither understand nor accept it?"

  5. "They look only to Allah, know only Allah, and love none but Him. This is the essence of true monotheism, where one sees none but Allah, not even themselves, except as a servant of Allah. This is what is meant by perishing in monotheism, losing oneself in the oneness of God. This is alluded to in the saying, "We were with us, so we perished from us, and remained without us."

  6. "There is no god but Allah, I enter my grave with it. There is no god but Allah, I seclude myself with it. There is no god but Allah, I meet my Lord with it. Bishr was seen in a dream and asked about his fate. He said, He had mercy on me, and nothing was more harmful than the pointing of people. Abu Bakr al-Qahtani described a dream where he saw a handsome youth."

  7. "Those who reach the perfection of monotheism are few, as are the staunch deniers and polytheists. The idolaters said, "We worship them only that they may bring us near to Allah," thus weakly entering the initial doors of monotheism. Most people are in between; some have insights that occasionally flash the truths of monotheism like lightning but do not persist."

  8. "All that counted were the two units of prayer we used to perform at night. Zubaida was seen again in a dream, and when asked about her fate, she said, He forgave me with these four phrases, There is no god but Allah, I devoted my life to it. There is no god but Allah, I enter my grave with it. There is no god but Allah, I seclude myself with it."

  9. "It is also said these are the punishments for falsely claiming sainthood and honor. Some wise ones remarked that if martyrdom and dying on the oneness of God were offered at the door of the house, they would choose to die on the oneness of God at the door because they do not know what could change their heart from monotheism to another path."

  10. "remains seated instead of seeking the safety of a nearby fort. The terrors of the afterlife have no fortress except the sincere utterance of La ilaha illa Allah. There is no God but Allah. Sincerity in this means having no aim other than Allah. Those who follow their desires as their deity are far from sincerity in their monotheism and leave their fate in peril. Now, consider the hadith of Abu Sa'id. People will be gathered on the bridge over hell, which is covered with thorns, hooks, and grabs. This hadith is agreed upon with different wording. And the hadith of Ibn Mas'ud, Allah will gather the first and last generations for a known appointed day,"

  11. "As for the narrations, it is mentioned: "The declaration of 'There is no god but Allah' continues to protect the servants from Allah Almighty's wrath as long as they do not ask for what is lacking in their worldly life." In another version: "as long as they do not prefer their worldly transactions over their religion. If they do this and say 'There is no god but Allah,' Allah Almighty states, 'You are lying; you are not truthful in your claim.'" Some of the Companions said, "We pursued all acts and found nothing for the matter of the Hereafter more effective than detachment from worldly life.""

From the Pen of

Ibn Kathir

2 passages
  1. "his son, I am narrating to you the will. I enjoin you with two things and forbid you from two things. I enjoin you with la ilaha illallah, there is no god but Allah. For if the seven heavens and seven earths were placed in one pan of a balance and la ilaha illallah in the other, it would outweigh them. If the seven heavens and seven earths were an obscure ring, la ilaha illallah would break them apart."

  2. "In a narration, the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, advised, I command you with two things and forbid you from two. I command you to proclaim, There is no god but Allah. For if the seven heavens and the seven earths were placed on one side of a scale, and There is no god but Allah was placed on the other, they would weigh heavier with, There is no god but Allah."

From the Pen of

Ibn al-Qayyim

22 passages
  1. "Their monotheism is essentially an extreme denial of the monotheism that God sent His messengers with and revealed in His books. The قَدَرِيَّة, on the other hand, view monotheism as the denial of God's decree, His encompassing will over all things, and His power over them. The later generations among them have combined this with the monotheism of the جَهْمِيَّة, resulting in a concept of monotheism that denies divine decree and the realities of the Most Beautiful Names and the Highest Attributes."

  2. "Yet there is the man whose Tawhid is so great and vast that many of those traces are swallowed up in it and transformed within it, as with abundant water into which the slightest impurity or filth is mixed. Then the man of lesser Tawhid is deceived by his example, and mixes his own feeble Tawhid with what the man of great and abundant Tawhid mixed with his; so its effect appears in him as it never appeared in that abundant Tawhid."

  3. ""Al-Manazil" said: that this symbol in التَّوْحِيد is a flaw, and التَّوْحِيد is not valid except by discarding it. The essence of this is that monotheism is not valid except by discarding monotheism itself; because that symbol, indication, and report are about the monotheism itself. It is a verbal, informative monotheism that corresponds to the known monotheism being reported."

  4. "It is a verbal, informative monotheism that corresponds to the known monotheism being reported. If monotheism is not valid except by discarding that, then the reality is that monotheism is not valid except by discarding monotheism. This is the core of what scholars of this path indicate, even if they embellish it with descriptions and detail it in sections."

  5. "In fact, the meaning is more invalid than the expression, and the expression is uglier than the meaning! Then it is said: What you have mentioned—at this level—is it monotheism and a description of monotheism, or is it not monotheism? If it is not monotheism, then it is false. If it is monotheism, then you have affirmed the One."

  6. "this world repelled by anything like Tawhid. That is why the supplication for distress is a declaration of Tawhid, and why the prayer of the Man of the Whale — with which no distressed soul has ever prayed but that God relieved his distress — is Tawhid itself. Nothing casts a person into grave distress but idolatry, and nothing delivers from it but Tawhid. It is the refuge of creation, its sanctuary, its fortress, and its rescue. And success is from God. A benefit:"

  7. "Allah says, My servant has spoken the truth, there is no god but I alone. Section 65th And when he says, There is no god but Allah, with no partner, Allah says, My servant has spoken the truth, there is no god but Me, with no partner. And when he says, There is no god but Allah, to him belongs the dominion and all praise, Allah says, My servant has spoken the truth, there is no god but Me, to me belongs the dominion and all praise. And when he says, There is no god but Allah, and there is no power and no strength except through Allah, Allah says, My servant has spoken the truth, there is no god but Me, and there is no power and no strength except through Me."

  8. "erase sins, and enduring expiatory calamities. This is unlike the record of associating partners with Allah, which can only be erased by affirming the oneness of God, and the record of injustices, which can only be erased by relinquishing them to their claimants and seeking their pardon. Since associating partners with Allah is the greatest of these three records, it is forbidden for those who commit it to enter Paradise. No soul that associates others with Allah will enter Paradise. Only those who affirm the oneness of God will. Monotheism is the key to the gates of Paradise. Whoever does not possess this key will find the gates closed to him,"

  9. "And that is by performing what is commanded. Whoever abandons both the commands and the prohibitions is ruined, not saved; and none is saved except by performing what is commanded, which is Tawhid. If it be said: he was ruined only by committing the forbidden thing, namely associating partners with God — the answer is that for ruin it suffices merely to abandon the Tawhid he was commanded with, even if he does not commit any positive opposite of it in the form of associating partners. Indeed, whenever his heart is wholly empty of Tawhid, so that he does not declare God one, he is ruined even if he worships nothing alongside Him."

  10. "the salam. There is no God but Allah, alone with no partner. To Him belongs the sovereignty and to Him belongs the praise, and He is over all things competent. and He is over all things competent. There is no power and no strength except by Allah. There is no God but Allah, and we do not worship except Him. To Him belong all blessings, and to Him belong all favors and all praise. There is no God but Allah, sincerely devoted to Him in religion, even though the disbelievers dislike it.""

  11. "This annihilation and subsistence, allegiance and disavowal, erasure and affirmation, union and isolation, and singularity related to the oneness of divinity is beneficial, fruitful, and salvific, through which happiness and success are attained. As for its relation to the oneness of lordship—which the idol-worshiping polytheists acknowledged—its ultimate goal is annihilation in realizing a shared oneness between believers and disbelievers, friends of اللّٰه and His enemies."

  12. "the most beloved words to Allah the exalted are four, and it does not harm you with which one you begin. Subhanallah, glory be to Allah, alhamdulillah, praise be to Allah, la ilaha illallah, there is no God but Allah, and Allahu Akbar, Allah is the greatest. In another account, it is said, the best speech after the Quran is four, and they are from the Quran, Subhanallah, la ilaha illallah, alhamdulillah, and Allahu Akbar."

  13. "Just as we unify اللّٰه in worship and submission, we must unify the Messenger in judgment, obedience, and compliance. There are two essential forms of monotheism: the oneness of اللّٰه and the oneness of following the Messenger. A person cannot be saved from اللّٰه's punishment without both. One should not seek judgment from anyone other than the Messenger, nor be content with anyone else's judgment."

  14. "These individuals have a deficient form of worship without seeking assistance, as they rely solely on themselves, closing the path of seeking divine help and the oneness of God. اِبْن عَبَّاس, may اللّٰه be pleased with him, said: "Belief in predestination is the system of monotheism; whoever believes in God and denies His predestination, his denial undermines his monotheism.""

  15. "peace and blessings be upon him, would say in times of distress, There is no God but Allah, the Magnificent, the Forbearing. There is no God but Allah, the Lord of the Mighty Throne. There is no God but Allah, the Lord of the Heavens and the Earth, the Lord of the Noble Throne. In the Musnad of Imam Ahmad, from the Hadith of Ali bin Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him."

  16. "All strength belongs to اللّٰه alone. "There is no power nor strength except with اللّٰه, the Most High, the Great." This is why patience is considered unfamiliar on the path of monotheism. Monotheism returns all matters to اللّٰه, while patience returns matters to the self. Affirming the self in monotheism is unfamiliar."

  17. "Thus, He makes the servant a rememberer of Him. In reality, it is He who remembers Himself by making His servant a rememberer of Him. This concept is what he referred to in the chapter on the oneness of God with his saying: "His monotheism of Himself is His monotheism, and the description of the describer is singular.""

  18. "Tawhid is the refuge of His enemies and His friends alike. As for His enemies, it rescues them from the distresses and hardships of this world: "And when they board a ship they call upon God, sincere to Him in faith; but when He delivers them safely to land, at once they associate others with Him." As for His friends, by it He rescues them from the distresses and hardships of both this world and the next. It was to Tawhid that Yunus fled, and God delivered him from those layers of darkness. To it the followers of the messengers fled, and by it they were saved from the punishment inflicted upon the idolaters in this world and from what awaits them in the next."

  19. "Sincerity and Tawhid are a tree in the heart: its branches are deeds, and its fruit is a goodly life in this world and abiding bliss in the Hereafter. And just as the fruits of Paradise are neither cut off nor withheld, so too is the fruit of Tawhid and sincerity in this world. Idolatry, falsehood, and ostentation are a tree in the heart whose fruit in this world is fear, anxiety, grief, constriction of the breast, and darkness of the heart, and whose fruit in the Hereafter is the tree of Zaqqum and lasting torment. God has mentioned these two trees in the Surah of Ibrahim."

  20. "and who forgive when they are angered." So He declared that what is with Him is better for whoever believes in Him and relies upon Him — and this is the affirmation of His oneness. Then He said: "And those who avoid the gravest sins and indecencies" — this is the shunning of the summons of the faculty of appetite. Then He said: Abandoning the Qur'an: Its Many Forms "And who forgive when they are angered" — and this is the opposing of the faculty of anger. So He gathered together the affirmation of oneness, chastity, and justice, which are the sum of all good."

  21. "Thus the verse comprises the proof of His lordship, His oneness, His power, His wisdom and His gentleness, a reminder of His blessings and beneficence, and a warning against leaning upon this world and taking it as a homeland and abode; rather we should hasten our journey through it toward His abode and His garden. How magnificent, then, is what this verse contains of knowledge of Him, of His oneness, of the reminder of His favors, of the urging to travel toward Him, to prepare for meeting Him and arriving before Him, and of the announcement that He,"

  22. "Patience and love are not in opposition; rather, they complement each other. A true lover embodies patience. The real conflict with love and the challenge to the oneness of God arises when patience is motivated by desires other than pleasing the beloved. This creates a sense of discomfort and strangeness in patience. For those who view their patience as being through اللّٰه, for اللّٰه, and with اللّٰه, understanding that their patience is by His will, their love remains undisturbed, and their monotheism remains unchallenged."

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